CONCEPTS AND MEANING OF TOURISM

Very Important Questions and Answers

1. Explain the Hotel chains

The chain hotels are the group of hotels running in different places under one name. It is to share the goodwill, management skill, minimize the marketing cost. The system makes customer to recognize the level of service of hotels located at different places. The chain hotels practice centralized reservation to share the business and to facilitate the customer. Some examples of popular chain hotels are Holiday Inn, Le Meridien, Crown Plaza, Hyatt Regency, Radisson, Taj Group, Oberoi

Individual hotel by joining with large international chains such as Sheratons, Hiltons, Hyatt, Holiday Inn, etc. will be able to share their experience, marketing and management, which would have been impossible for individual hotels.

The chain hotels are may be operating as franchise, management, and lease or on profit sharing basis.

1. Partnership – Sharing equity and profits.
2. Franchise – Providing ‘name’ and ‘association’ and marketing services in exchange for franchise and marketing fees.
3. Management – Expertise in management, professional managers, technicians, manuals, systems, etc. on the basis of management fees and share of profits as ‘incentive’ payments.
4. Marketing active selling, chain benefits, reservation tie-ups, etc. on payment for marketing fees and incentive payment.

2.  Define the Tourist

Tourists are temporary visitors. They are the travellers and their purpose of travel is to get pleasure in their leisure. In other word tourist is the person who does the act of tour. Tour is to travel for pleasure.

Tourist is a person who does not belong to the visiting community. In tourism a person from one culture visits other culture. So tourism is a cultural exchange. Tourist is an impersonal guest; a guest who does not belongs to anybody but belongs to everybody. One’s behaviour, nature, character, makes him tourist. One’s travelling pattern, object of enjoyment and using of tourism products makes him tourist. Tourist is a person who consume/enjoy tourism products. A tourist can be national/ domestic or international, nationality does not count.

• Tourist is a person who does tour. That is to travel for leisure, pleasure, and relax during the leisure time.
• One must travel and stay for more than 24 hours but not more than one year.
• Tourist can not involve in earning activities at the place of visit.

3. Explain the Tourist and types

Tourists are temporary visitors. They are the travellers and their purpose of travel is to get pleasure in their leisure. In other word tourist is the person who does the act of tour. Tour is to travel for pleasure. So tourist is the person who travel for the purpose of pleasure, relax in their leisure. Tourist is a person who does not belong to the visiting community. Tourist is a person from “there”. They do not belong to “here”. In tourism a person from one culture visits other culture. So tourism is a cultural exchange. Tourist is an impersonal guest; a guest who does not belongs to anybody but belongs to everybody. One’s behaviour, nature, character, makes him tourist. One’s travelling pattern, object of enjoyment and using of tourism products makes him tourist. Tourist is a person who consume/enjoy tourism products. A tourist can be national/ domestic or international, nationality does not count.

• Tourist is a person who does tour. That is to travel for leisure, pleasure, and relax during the leisure time.
• One must travel and stay for more than 24 hours but not more than one year.
• Tourist can not involve in earning activities at the place of visit

There are no hard and fast rules for the division of the tourists. Different writers, travel agents, country, airline, hotels divide tourists as per their objectives. In the same way, different have divided their clients into different groups as per their interest. The general classifications of tourists are:

1. On the basis of age: Child, Student, Youth, Adult, and Senior citizen
2. Tour package: GIT- Group inclusive tourist FIT- Free individual Tourist
3. On the basis of economy: Deluxe, Standard, Budge
4. On the basis of tour type: Cultural Tourist, Adventure Tourist Special Tourist.
5. On the basis of destination: Domestic Tourist, International Tourist, in bound, out bound.

 4.  Define the Tourism

Tourism is related to travelling, but every travel is not tourism. Man has been travelling throughout the ages but only that type of travel which is related to pleasure, relax and during the leisure generates tourism. It is a service industry but it includes many industries.

“Tourism is sum of the total activities created by travel and stay of non resident people”. It includes business organizations, tourists, and every things of a destination.

5.  Explain the Eco-tourism

Eco-Tourism: is to utilize the attraction value of nature for the purpose of tourism. It is nature based tourism. Eco-tourism is to utilize nature as attraction, for leisure and pleasure. To operate this tourism special attention is given to leave minimum or no impact on the people society and the nature. The tour operator provides extensive environmental training to its staff and clients are also briefed on the preservation and protection of nature.

 

6. Discuss the importance of Hospitality industry in the economy of Nepal.

Nepal being a developing country tourism is the best industry for its all round development. Tourism contributes 34% of the total foreign exchange of Nepal. It has engaged approximately one percent of the countries’ total potential labour force but is generating 4% of Gross Domestic Products. It is a leading source of foreign exchange earner. The benefits of tourism is discussed below

8. Economic Benefits: The most important economic benefit of tourism is the earnings of foreign exchange. This is the only industry which brings money into the country. Even poor man can involve in tourism. Only buyers of rurality are the tourists.
9. Regional Development: Tourism is the most important source of income for many underdeveloped regions. Industrial developments in such areas are out of question. Where noting is possible tourism is possible. The earning from the tourism can be only source of prosperity to those areas. Many economically backward regions contain high scenic beauty and of cultural attractions. Lukla, Jomsom, Langtang valley of Nepal are some of the examples of regional development. The areas around such places are providing employment for hundreds of people at different hotels and shops.
10. Source of Foreign Income: Income from foreign tourism in the form of foreign exchange adds to the national income. It offers a more reliable form of income for a developing country like Nepal.
11. Employment Opportunity: Another direct economic effect of tourism is employment. The tourism industry is a highly labor intensive. It employs à large number of people and provides a wide range of jobs. In addition to a direct employment the industry offers indirect employment.
12. Help to Solve the Seasonal Unemployment and Disguised Unemployment: The typical characteristic of the agriculture economy like Nepal is the disguised unemployment. It is a type of hidden unemployment where people are working but do not generate income. Tourism is very helpful for Nepal as tourist season starts when there is no rain and no work in farm. So tourism is very helpful to solve the problem of seasonal unemployment.
13. Breaking down of Economic Vicious Circle: A typical characteristic of a developing country is an economical vicious circle. Low income creates low saving; the small amount of saving is not able to generate investment. Without investment, there will be no industry and no employment and ultimately no income and saving. This circle of low income, no saving, no investment, no income, etc goes on and on. Tourism is the best solution to solve this type of problem. As only in tourism where even the lowest investment generates highest number of employment and it has the highest rate of return on investment..
14. Infrastructural Development: One of the characteristics of 10 underdeveloped countries like Nepal is not have basic infrastructures, which creates series of problems. a Construction of primary infrastructures to develop tourism will help to develop other industries. At the same time it helps the local people also. A bridge will be helpful other industries and local people at the same time. for resort
15. Development of Secondary Industry: The secondary businesses are the supporting businesses to help the tourists such as growing vegetable, hatchery, bread, etc. These secondary businesses also develop the living standard of the local people.

The money earned from tourism will help to maintain and preserve the regional assets such as temples, city, etc. Without the income from tourism it would be difficult to preserve the manmade environment such as STEBhaktapur City.

Tourism is most essential for a developing country like Nepal. Biggest problem of a poor country is lack of capital, skill manpower and high unemployment. Tourism is the only solution to solve these problems.

7. Write basic difference between Attractions and Amenities.

In every tourism there must be 4 As, they are Attraction, Accessibility, Accommodation and Amenities. They must be combines or work together to be tourism. So each one of them are different but they must be together to be tourism. The difference between attraction and amenities are discussed below.

Attraction: It is anything which attracts people from “there” to “here”. Because of attraction people leave routine job and involve in travel. This element creates desire to travel. It motivates to travel. It attracts people towards it. The attraction is the magnetic power of a destination. The attractions could be cultural sites of archaeological interest, historical que buildings and monuments, flora and fauna, beach resorts, mountains, national parks or events like trade fairs, exhibitions, sports, arts and music festivals, games, etc. They are the factors, which generate flow of tourists to a particular location. Attractions may be either site attractions or event attractions. They can be classified as natural and man-made. They are historical, supplement, made by others or made by tourism, etc. In tourism, attraction requires two times; once to generate the travel. It makes the person to leave the routine job and go to a new place. The second time attraction requires to entertain or to provide pleasure. So attraction should have two qualities to attract and attach. The accessibility, accommodation and amenities at the destination determine the magnetic quality of an attraction.

Amenity: Amenities are the facilities added to the attractions, Hol accommodations and transportation. The element of services added to the The any other three elements generates tourism. For example, simple travelling by bus or by train does not count as tourism, if service is added with the reservation, booking, issuing ticket, providing information it is included within the tourism. Without amenities an accommodation will be hotel, attraction will be a place, mountain, etc. When we combine amenity to with attraction or with hotel then it is known as tourism. It is one of the basic elements of tourism. It is the soul or the essence of tourism. It is the intangible element. It creates, pleasure, leisure, relax, trust, etc

Amenities are the facilities. These include different facilities and services provided by the government, travel agencies or middlemen or commission agents, hotels, airlines and transport companies, financial institute, insurance agents, etc.

8. Explain the effect of tourism on society.

The movement of tourists directly or indirectly influence the society and culture. Tourists are people from different culture. Their dress, food habits, manners, behaviours are different than local people. When tourists come in contact with local people a social exchange takes places. The exchange happens both way guest and host. They affect the social structure and mode of life at the destinations and they carry back home new experience, knowledge, friendship. The effects can be summarized in the following sub-headings:

6. Cultural Understanding. When a tourist comes in contract with the place In he visit and its population, a social exchange takes places. It develops the understandings of two distinct cultures and helps to develop friendship te between the people. The interaction between people to people results in dan making friends and goes a long way in increasing friendships. This will lead to international understanding.
7. Improving International Understanding: Besides generating economic activity, tourism develops international goodwill and understanding. Tourism can be a vehicle for international understanding by way of bringing diverse people fact to face. Tourism is a medium through which the we can exchange knowledge and create understanding among the people of the world.
8. Preserves the Local Community: When tourists visit the local community and appreciate their custom, festivals, then the local community also realizes the importance and tries to preserve it. In many places, the lost tradition has been revived because of tourism. Tourism also supports morally and financially to preserve the local tradition. The tourist may also help to eliminate the local superstitions, they educate the local people and introduce new ideas. The sharing of the ideas will be beneficial for both communities. Tourism has some negative impacts on society.
9. Illustrative Effects: Tourists are the people who travel for the purpose of leisure, pleasure and relax but local people do not see their hard work, how they save money to travel here and collect wrong impression. The society generally young generation copy without knowing the real meaning, which will affect the existing culture.
10. Domination Effect: Tourism is related to luxurious concept. When tourist visit a destination with modern equipment, fresh dress, enjoy different types of activities in a well mannered way the local people feel dominated. Local people feel inferior, low, uneducated. It develops negative psychological feeling among the local people.
11. Cultural Change: Many times, for the purpose of tourism and because of promotion of tourism local people take part in foreign festivals. Finally, they forget the importance of local festivals and enjoy the foreign festivals.

9. Concept and Meaning of Tourism

Explain the accessibility and its importance in tourism. [5] Accessibility is another important component of tourism. It is the means by which a tourist can reach to the point of service delivery. The special feature of the tourism industry is the immovability of the product. In other industries product of commodity moves to the customer, but in tourism customer requires to be physically presented to receive service. Accessibility is the possibility to receive tourism service. Attractions motivate tourists but it must be affordable and possible. It must be possible for general people. Accessibility is related to be possibility to visit, to feel, to see or to watch the events, to realize or Som understand and experience. It is related to fulfilling the desire or wants created by attractions. Accessibility is not to have any travel barrier.

• Accessibility is the means of travel to the destination.
• Tourism is sum of the total activities created by travel and stay of outsiders. The travel is related to accessibility and stay is accommodation, so accessibility no tourism.
• Tourism service does not move to the tourist but tourist must arrive at the point of service delivery and the means of arriving at the point is accessibility.
• Transport can be attraction itself.

From the above discussion we can conclude that no accessibility no tourism.

 

10. What are the nature of tourism? Explain.

Tourism is a complex subject to understand. It is due to service concept, business of ideology and non-material object. Basic nature of tourism are: Tour oriented, Income generative, Temporary, Purposeful, Entertainment oriented

1. Service Nature: Tourism is service industry. Because of service it is
   1. intangible, non-material product. Tourism is related to service, facility, pleasure, and leisure, which is not possible to be visualized.
   2. Tourism is a combination of economic (measurable) and non-economic (immeasurable) goods.
   3. Ownership of tourism product is nontransferable. In tourism, buy and sale of a product does not mean to buy the property.
   4. Tourism is an assembled product. Total travel service cannot be provided by a single enterprise. So tourism is a joint effort of several service organisations.
   5. Tourism product does not move. The tourism product cannot be transported.. The customer needs to move to the product, or visit the Point of Service Delivery (POSD).
2. The demand of tourism product is very unsatiable. It is a very sensitive business. Its demand is influenced by different factors such as season, economy, politics, religion and other special events in their country, on the way and at the destination.
3. Tourism is a luxurious concept. Tourism product being leisure, pleasure, and comfort, it is the most luxurious concept. As tourism is economic activity it is related with rich people. So our customers are from the influential society, advance, rich, and intellectual.
4. Tourism products are perishable (non storable). A service ‘dies’ if not sold within a given time. It cannot be stored. If they are not sold on a particular day/time the potential revenue they are supposed to earn on that time/day is lost and cannot be recovered.
5. Every citizen of a country is directly or indirectly involve in tourism. Their behaviour, response towards tourist represent image of the le destination. The tradition, custom, religion, festivals, friendship motivate them to visit a destination.

 

11.  ‘All travelers are not tourists’. Justify.

Travellers: are the people who travel for different purpose. Travelling is a journey and this is related to movement of people. It includes all type of journey taken by human beings for tourism purpose, visiting purpose, migration or for work.

Tourists: are temporary visitors. They are the travellers but their purpose of travel is to get pleasure in their leisure. In other word tourist is the person who does the act of tour. Tour is to travel for pleasure. Tourist is a person who consume/enjoy tourism products. A tourist can be national/ domestic or international, nationality does not count. They enjoy tourism products, involve in tourism activities.

The Oxford Dictionary defines ‘tourist’ as; “a person who does the act of tour”, or “person travelling or visiting a place for recreation”. The word ‘tour’ is defined as: “Journey through a place visiting things of interest”. So the tourist is a person who travels to different places of interest for recreation.

We need to understand few points to make it more clear who the tourist is:

• Tourist is a person who travels and stays in tourist destinations.
• Tourist travels to destination and stays at least 24 hours, but not more thanone year during the same year. ‘
• The stay’ and ‘activities’ at the destination creates economy at the destination. The ‘activities’, are distinct from those of the resident and working populations of the places.
• Tourist is ‘not allowed to earn money’ at the place where he visits. He must not be involved in earning/ employment activities.
• Tourist may domestic or international.
• Destinations are visited for a legitimate purpose.

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From the above discussion we can conclude that travellers include tourist but every traveler is not tourist. Travellers include all type of travels such as visit, work, migration, etc. Travellers may not generate income at the destination they visit but they may involve in income earning activity which is not allowed for tourist

12. Differentiate between man-made and natural attractions.

In tourism attraction is the magnetic power of a destination or an activity which attracts people from there. It may not attract local people but it attracts people from there. It motivates people to travel and involve in tourism activities. For the purpose of tourism the attractions are classified in  Nature made and Manmade.

Natural Made

1. Nature Made attractions: They were made by nature. Mother Nature has created many interesting things in this world. They have magnetic power so they are used by tourism enterprises as resources. They add services and facilities with natural attraction to create tourism product. Nature is always seasonal, so nature based tourism will be seasonal.
2. Tourism Made Attractions: They are created or developed by tourism for the purpose of tourism. They are the resorts, and activities operated at the destinations. They are long term investment
3. Supplementary Attraction: Tourism supplementary attractions are developed to add with core attraction to increase the attraction values, or to create selling size of a site. If some attractions are small and does not give full satisfaction to the travellers supplementary attractions are added.

Man Made

1. Manmade Attractions: Manmade attractions are the sites developed or modified by the people. They are the result of human civilization. It may be past history, human civilization, past or present development. People are travelling since long time past to visit those places, although it was not for tourism purpose. Some examples of made attractions are the religious XI centers, old places and places, historical sites, rich culture, commercial cent monuments, etc.
2. Activity Attraction: Different activities are organized to attract people. Lay Some of them are organized by tourism to attract tourists Other activities are organized by others such as World Cup and tourism utilize them. Activities are short term attraction.
3. Tourism Event Attractions: are getting importance in modern tourism. They are organized by the tourism related business organization to attract, promote tourism, motivate people to travel promote destination. Different countries or regions are organizing events such as conventions, exhibitions, sport events, beauty contests, Visit Year, etc., to attract tourists.

 

13. Discuss the impact of tourism on environment.

Environment is the most powerful magnet to attract the tourist. But every tourist knowingly or unknowingly leaves his impression/ footprint on environment they come in contact. Environmental impacts of tourism could be analysed in two different ways, Man-made and Natural. The man made environment is the city, temples, city layouts, etc. The natural environments are the Himalayas, rivers, mountains, valley, etc.

1. Man-made environment: Tourist arrival change income of the local people, creates business opportunities and attract outsider. New activities are started and new constructions are made
   1. Rehabilitation: The development of the tourism helps rehabilitate the existing settlement and buildings. In Thailand for example, the old capital city of Bangkok was re-planned to accommodate the increased number of tourists. Present Lake Site of Phewa is not what it was before. Similarly Poonhill, Jomsom and Namche changed its old settlements. It changes the life style of local people. Many old traditions and craftsmanship are lost and new types of jobs are created.
      1.  Historical Sites and Buildings: Tourism will change the purpose and use of historical buildings such as Patan Durbar is museum. In many parts the world we can see that the old historical palaces, buildings and cities are used for tourist purpose. The old palace has been turned into hotel of such as Lake Palace in Maisur, India and Hotel  Shanker of Lagimpat  in Kathmandu,
2. Natural Environment: Natural beauty is the magnet for tourist but every tourist leaves some impact. Mass tourism is responsible to create negative impacts on natural environment. Local people use natural resources for short term profit. Environmentally unconscious tour operators and locals make big mistake that natural resource is free of cost. Waste materials, tissue papers on the camp beer bottles, cans, tins, tissue papers on the camp sites, sea beaches, trekking trails, are very common.

        On the other hand tourism is very helpful to support financially to protect and preserve old buildings and historical sites. Similarly the income from tourism is very helpful to support and manage wild life parks. For example Chitwan National Park is generating money.

Operating tourism by protecting the environment is known as ecotourism. To consider, evaluate, protect and leave minimum negative impact of tourism on different aspect is known as ecotourism. If ecotourism is implemented properly, everybody wins: the environment, local communities, tourists and the national economy.

 

14.Explain the evolution of Tourism.

→ Man has been travelling throughout the ages but every travel is not tourism. Travelling for the purpose of pleasure at leisure creates tourism. When people learn to differentiate between travel for work and travel for pleasure then tourism started. At the very beginning people were nomads. At that that time they were travelling for food. When man developed agriculture they travelled for exchange of their surplus. Slowly man developed trade and commerce and man started to travel for commerce and pilgrimage.

The travel before the tourism started can be divided into three parts. They are commercial interest, religious purpose and to exploration. Development of trade and commerce developed trade centers, trade routes, inns, lodging centers. The economy supported the art and craft. At the same time people learned the hospitality and developed rich culture. There developed many cities. All this developments are supporting the present tourism. The other groups of travelers were pilgrimage. Their interest built temples, religious sites, pilgrimage route, festivals and cultures. The people travelling exploration explored natural wonders, interesting cultures, places and people. All these are the basis of present tourism. One point should be noted down that there was travel but there was no tourism. Tourism started only when people learn to travel for pleasure at leisure time.

The Industrial Revolution brought great technological developments and also affected the social life. In one hand it increased the income and free time but at the other hand it increased their mental tension also. This brought the changes in travel pattern and behaviour of the people in the western world. Many recreational centers were developed around the city limits. The simple inns were modified to cater new rich people for pleasure and recreation. Concept of modern hotels was started in London in 1744.

The introduction and development of railways made travel easy and cheaper. The first organized rail travel was organized by Thomas Cook in 1841. Once he booked railway seats, prepared a program and sold the tour program at especially reduced fares. He collected as many as 570 passengers. By the process of booking and selling of the tour programs he learned that service is a product; it can be sold as product. People are ready to buy travel service. People do not mind paying money for relax, leisure and trust. He realized that selling of the service to the travellers can be a business tourism business. He registered first travel agency of this world. Encouraged by the success of first venture Thomas Cook arranged package tours, He published guidebooks, periodical and Cook’s Excursionist and Tourist Advertiser to motivate people to involve in travel for pleasure. Thomas Cook invented the idea of “Voucher” system. It an created trust in tourism.

This great revolution in rail transport brought revolution in travel pattern and developed the concept of “comfort’. It increased the movement of the people. At the same time shipping technology also made a significant contribution to the development of travel and trade. The railways were responsible for inland travel, whereas ships crossed the boundaries and made possible the intercontinental travel.

Changes in mental attitude towards pleasure seeking, the realization of the importance of travel for education, increases in material wealth, a growing need to find relief from working routine, and improvement in passenger transport system, etc factors produced a different type tourism known as “Modern tourism”.

Some of the features of modern tourism are:

• Globalization of the tourism.
• Marketing and operational agreement such as chain hotels and franchising
• Development and involvement of mass communication
• Development of new idea
• Involvement of new organizations
• Simple travel of one time developed into modern tourism. It was a slow and gradual process.

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15. What is accessibility in tourism? Explain with the references of its bons conditions of Nepal.

→ Accessibility is another important component of tourism. It is the means 20 by which a tourist can reach to the destination and participate with O activities. The special feature of the tourism industry is the immovability of the product. In other industry product/commodity moves to the customer, but in tourism industry customer is required to be personally/physically presented at the point of service delivery. The accessibility is the possibility for general people.

Tourism is defined as “Sum of the total activities created by travel and stay of non-resident people”. So no travel no tourism. The possibility to travel is accessibility. Accessibility is related to the possibility to visit, to feel, to see or to watch the events, to realize or understand and experience. It is related with fulfilling the desire or wants created by attractions.

Accessibilities are understood as internal and external. Internal accessibility is the possibility of the guest to reach the different unit, activity. It is the possibility to reach the places of attractions of a destination. This is the layout of a restaurant, hotel lobby management, or lay out of the sightseeing places. Possibility of travelling within a country or possibility of visiting all the places of attractions during the tour is the internal accessibilities. External accessibility is the connection of service with market. This is the connection of pipeline between Point of Sale (POS) and Point of Service Delivery (POSD). This is the means how to tourists arrive at the hotel, restaurant, arrive at a destination/country. to have not

Accessibility means any travel barriers. The travel barriers such as geographical travel barriers, and legal travel barriers, economic barriers, political barriers, cultural barriers, etc create impact on the tourist accessibility.

The travel supporters increase the accessibility. They are physical transport system and middlemen. They are popularly known as channel members. Their role, supporting nature, location, relation with target market and with you, quality of service, efficiency, their working procedures, etc. increase the quality of accessibility. But their negative attitude creates travel barriers.

Transport is an important factor for tourism as tourism involves people moving out of their normal places of residence. Without transport there will be no tourism. Local travel does not create tourism and long distance travel needs transport. Travelers use different types of transports

1. Road Transport: Up to the beginning of the twentieth century almost all tourists were travelling by train or ship. The invention and development of the new technology during the First World War brought the private car and luxury coaches and changed the entire shape of tourist industry. The growth of private cars and luxury coaches caused decline in the use of railways. Subsequently with the growth of national and international highway system, people started taking long journeys by motor car and motor coach. The motor car revolutionized the holiday habits. The good motor roads and road services are the important factors in the development of tourism. The luxury coaches and cross country buses added a new dimension in the accessibility and mobility of the people. Road transport includes: tre Private transportation, Public transportation, Overland / Cross country coaches/ Camping coaches, Bike/ Mt. Bikes.
2. Nepal is a mountainous country so land transport is a big problem and be limited touristic places are connected by road transport.
3. Air Transport: The role of air transport is very important for the development of national and international tourism. Air transport plays a key role in the growth of international tourism, especially in a landlocked by country like Nepal where road transport is very limited.
4. Rail Transport: The introduction of rail transport increased the opportunities to escape from the city life. The railways can be considered as one of the most powerful means for mass travel in modern world. Millions of passengers are carried all over the world by railway every day. Nepal is not able to develop rail transport.
5. Sea Transport: Sea transport has also made a significant contribution to travel and tourism. While railways and road transport were responsible for inland travel, the steamship crossed the boundaries and made inter continental travel possible. Nepal being a land locked county sea transport is not possible.

In contest of Nepal accessibility is very limited as we have no airlines directed connected with Europe and USA, Australia which are the main tourism generating countries.

Nepal is a land locked country and our rivers are not good to use for water transport. Only Kathmandu is connected with international airport. At the same time we have internal accessibility problems.

 

16. Describe attraction as component of tourism with the reference of natural attractions of Nepal.

In every tourism there must be 4 As, they are Attraction, Accessibility, Accommodation and Amenities. They must be combines or work together to be tourism. Each one of them are different but they must be together to be tourism.

Attraction is anything which attracts people from. It attracts people to leave routine job and involve in travel. This element creates desire to travel. It motivates to travel. The attraction is the magnetic power of a destination. The attractions could be cultural sites of archeological interests, historical buildings, and monuments, flora and fauna, beach resorts, mountains, national parks or events like trade fairs, exhibitions, sports, arts and music festivals, games, etc. They are the factors, which generate flow of tourists to a particular location. Attraction should have two qualities; to attract and attach. Activities attached with attraction to create tourism.

Attraction can be classified as natural and manmade. The manmade attractions are historical places, cities, culture, festivals, etc. The supplementary attractions are added to increase magnetic value and to make it sellable size. Some attractions are made by others and utilized by tourism such as religious temples, city, etc. Some attractions are made for tourism purpose. The accessibility, accommodation and amenities at the destination determine the magnetic quality of an attraction.

Natural attractions are made by nature. It is god gift to the country. It does not belong to anybody but belong to everybody. It is the national property, richness of a country. The examples of natural attractions of Nepal are Himalayas, mountains, valley, Phewa lake, Rara lake, National parks, Mahendra Gufa of Pokhara, etc. In tourism different activities are added with this attraction to create tourism. For example trekking is added with mountain, rafting in the river, bating in the lake, etc.